Management of Occupational Stress

This book is primarily meant for stress management practitioners and stress researchers. However, it would prove equally useful also to individual employees and general readers. Though the main emphasis of the book is on management of occupational stress and consequent strains, in the interest of general readers, it provides basic information on the concept, sources and consequences of occupational stress in separate sections.Though various techniques of stress management are 
interrelated in the book, various techniques or interventions have been separately discussed in the order of the stage of their operation. In this order the book covers from strategies to prevent role stress at individual (cognitive, behavioural and physiological) and organization levels to therapeutic treatment of stress disorders. The interventions for eliminating or mitigating, coping with, and moderating the stress and strains have been included between two extremes of stress management practices. Along with the procedural elaboration of various intervention strategies, the related theoretical concepts and relevant researches have also been referred. Finally, certain issues relating to stress management practice and some guidelines for making effective application of various techniques have also been discussed.
Dr. A.K. Srivastava, presently a Professor of Psychology at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, started his career as a lecturer in the Department of Business
Administration, B.I.T.S., Pilani. He obtained Ph.D. Degree from the Banaras Hindu University in 1974, where he is serving since 1971. He has published more than 50 research papers in National and International journals related to occupational stress, coping strategies and mental health, and has supervised 15 Ph. D. dissertations. Dr. Srivastava has standardized several psychometric tools which are being widely used in researches in organizational
behaviour. He has completed several research projects on “Stress and Health”, sponsored by the Indian Council of Medical Research, Indian Council of Social Sciences Research. and University Grants Commission. Presently he is working on a U.G.C. sponsored major research project on “Management of Occupational Stress and Consequent Strains”.

CONTENTS

    Preface
   1. Conceptual Perspective
   2. Sources of Occupatioanl Stress
   3. Consequences of Occupational Stress
   4. Management of Occupational Stress
   5. Eliminating or Mitigating Organizational Stressors
   6. Coping with Occupational Stress
   7. Moderating Occupational Stress and Strains
   8. Therapeutic Treatment of Stress Disorders
      Appendix-I Occupational Stress Index
      Appendix-II Functional Job Stress
      Scale (Short Form)
      Appendix – III Stress Symptoms
                         Inventory
      Appendix – IV Job Anexiety Scale
      Appendix – V Stress-Resistaut Cognitive
                              Behavioural Patterns Scale
       Appendix – VI Coping Strategies Scale
       Bibliography
       Index

PREFACE

In contemporary societies majority of people seem to talking about stress and its various consequences. Individual’s reactions to severe stress has become the major 
concern of the stress researchers in different disciplines, such as psychology, psychiatry, medical sciences, physiology and management. An ever increasing number of books and journals devoted to stress are coming up and various courses and seminars on stress are being organized all over world. Substantial amount of research has been done by stress researchers of different disciplines to reveal the causes and consequences of psychological stress.
These researches have established that high and consistent stress is unpleasant and undesirable, and leads to a variety of psychological and somatic pathologies. Consistently increasing rate of psychosomatic diseases and psychological disorders in modern societies well reflect the high stress being experienced by people in present day world.
Job life, wherein, employees spend about more than one third of their daily routine is the major source of satisfaction of their various needs, as well as of frustration and stress. Occupational stress has been noted to put impairing effect on employees job behaviour and physical and psychological well being, representing serious cost to organizations in human and monetary terms. After having recognized Seriousness of the consequencest of occupa- tional stress, the stress researchers and concerned professionals have now concentrated on evolving systematic strategies for prevention, mitigation and management of stresses of job life. This volume is also an attempt in this pursuit. The book elaborates various techniques evolved for prevention and management of occupational stress, and provides guidelines to make effective use of these strategies and interventions. Elaboration of various stress management techniques has also been substantiated with related theoretical concepts and relevant researches. Besides the stress management strategies and interventions, the volume comprises separate, though brief, chapters on the concept sources and consequences of occupational stress in the interest of general readers. The volume would prove to be of a great use for those who are concerned with stress management as well as for the employees in managing the stress is of their job life at their own level. It should also be useful as a reference book for stress researchers and general readers.
I am indebted to the sources, particularly the books on stress and stress management written by Goldberger and Brenzwit (1982), Lehrer and Woolfolk (1993), and Ross and Altmaier (1994), which have been of immense help in the preparation of this volume. There are many people whom I wish to thank for their physical, psychological, or social support in completion of this volume. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teacher, Professor D.M. Pestonjee, who has always been a great source of inspiration and enabled me to reach this level. I am thankful also to my colleagues who motivated me and extended academic support to take up this project. Last, but not the least, I wish to thank my wife and children for patiently coping with the experience of stress of a preoccupied husband and father. Finally, I express my gratitude to the Almighty for all I have been able to accomplish.
K. Srivastava
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